According to Erikson's theory, which statement best reflects the toddler's development during ages 1-3?

According to Erikson's theory, which statement best reflects the toddler's development during ages 1-3?

• A. The child should be completely independent
• B. Independence is discouraged at this stage
• C. The child seeks independence but needs consistent limits
• D. The child should not have any autonomy yet

Answer: (C)

In the toddler years, children are trying to assert independence while also needing consistent limits to feel secure. This aligns with Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt, where self-help efforts and choosing for themselves are normal tasks. When caregivers provide opportunities for self-directed activity within safe boundaries and offer steady, predictable limits, the child builds confidence and a sense of mastery. For example, allowing a toddler to choose between two outfits or to try dressing with help fosters autonomy, while consistent rules and gentle guidance prevent frustration or insecurity about failing. If independence is met with constant opposition or chaotic, unpredictable limits, the child may develop shame or doubt about their abilities. Therefore, the best approach is encouraging self-initiated activity with reliable, age-appropriate boundaries.

In the toddler years, children are trying to assert independence while also needing consistent limits to feel secure. This aligns with Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt, where self-help efforts and choosing for themselves are normal tasks. When caregivers provide opportunities for self-directed activity within safe boundaries and offer steady, predictable limits, the child builds confidence and a sense of mastery. For example, allowing a toddler to choose between two outfits or to try dressing with help fosters autonomy, while consistent rules and gentle guidance prevent frustration or insecurity about failing. If independence is met with constant opposition or chaotic, unpredictable limits, the child may develop shame or doubt about their abilities. Therefore, the best approach is encouraging self-initiated activity with reliable, age-appropriate boundaries.